艺术果酱｜蒜味十足的色彩导师：约翰内斯·伊登
Johannes Itten (November 11, 1888 – March 25, 1967) was a Swiss expressionist painter, designer, teacher, writer, and theorist. Alongside German-American artist Lyonel Feininger and German sculptor Gerhard Marcks, under the leadership of German architect Walter Gropius, he was a core member of the Bauhaus.
约翰内斯·伊登（德语：Johannes Itten，1888年11月11日－1967年3月25日），瑞士表现主义画家、设计师、教师、作家和理论家；与德裔美籍画家利奥尼·费宁格和德国雕塑家格哈德·马可斯，在德国建筑师沃尔特·格罗佩斯的领导下，为魏玛包豪斯的核心成员。
You might be wondering why a design school would taste these seasonings. Yes, you’re right. It’s such a mystical color teacher with a quirky style that the Bauhaus was immersed in the “soulful scent of garlic” for a while.
看到这个题目你也许会有疑问，怎么，一个设计院校怎么也要尝这些调理，是的没错，就是这样的一个神秘的色彩老师，具有个性的风范，使得包豪斯在一段时间内弥漫在“大蒜的迷魂香”之中。
Johannes Itten was a devotee of the Mazdaznan cult, whose followers are basically vegetarians. He loved garlic and was famously fond of garlic at the Bauhaus, which had a major influence. In his mind, garlic has the effect of cleansing the body, and long-term consumption is beneficial.
原来约翰·伊顿是个“拜火教”的教徒，这个宗教的教徒基本上都是吃素的。他很喜欢吃大蒜，他在包豪斯爱吃蒜是非常有名的，影响也非常的大，在他心目中，大蒜具有清洁身体的作用，长期吃蒜对身体有好处。
He was a color teacher and an important teacher who introduced the color system into design education. He also played a significant role in the development of the three major curricula.
他是色彩课老师，也是首个将色彩体系引入到设计教育领域的重要老师，而且伊顿对于三大课程体系有着非常重要的作用。
The 12-hue color circle consists of primary colors, secondary colors, and tertiary colors.
The three primary colors in the color circle are red, yellow, and blue, evenly matched, forming an equilateral triangle within the circle.
12色相环是由原色（primary colours），二次色（secondary colours）和三次色（tertiary colours）组合而成。
色相环中的三原色是红、黄、蓝色，彼此势均力敌，在环中形成一个等边三角形。
1、The triangle is painted with the opposite color circle in red, yellow, and blue.
2、Draw a regular hexagon in the circumscribed circle of the triangle and paint the secondary colors orange, green, and purple on the three sides.
3、The tertiary colors yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green, and yellow-green are painted between the primary and secondary colors.
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红、黄、蓝分置三角形涂在相对的色环。
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三角形外接圆中画正六边形，三边涂上第二次色橙、绿、紫色。
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在第一次色和第二次色之间涂上第三次色黄橙、红橙、红紫、蓝紫、蓝绿、黄绿。
Johannes Itten was a unique teacher with a keen sense of form and a highly religious personality. In the first phase of the Bauhaus, he brought many positive factors that promoted the development of teaching and also many negative factors that hindered the overall progress of education.
约翰内斯·伊顿是一个非常特殊的教员，一方面具有非常敏感的形式认识，另一方面则又是高度宗教化的，他在包豪斯的第一个阶段中带来了许多积极因素，促进了教学的发展;同时又带来了许多消极的因素，妨碍了总体教育的前进。
He was deeply religious but also had unique insights and a strong desire for experimentalism in basic formal education. Therefore, his teaching was often a combination of religion and scientific visual education, which had both positive and negative effects on students.
他本人具有强烈的宗教意念，但是同样有对于基础的形式教育具有独到的见解和强烈的实验欲望，因此，他的教学往往是宗教和科学视觉教育混做一体的，对学生来说，具有积极和消极的双面影响。
In a 1916 note, Johannes Itten expressed his understanding of the organic connection between color and simple geometric figures. He believed that squares, circles, and triangles should have an inevitable internal relationship with colors. Thus, he emphasized the unity of color and geometric form training from the beginning of his teaching at the Bauhaus.
1916 年约翰内斯·伊顿在一段笔记当中，表达了他对色彩与简单几何图形之间的有机关联之认识。他认为方，圆，三角形与色彩应该具有必然的内在关系，因此，他在包豪斯的教学从一开始就强调色彩训练和几何形态训练的合一。
He placed great importance on color contrasts, the effects of color brightness on colors, psychological perceptions of warm and cold hues, and the structure of contrasting color series. Through his teaching, students gained a clear understanding of colors and became proficient in using them.
他对于色彩的对比，色彩明度对于色彩的影响，冷暖色调的心理感受，对比色彩系列的结构都非常重视。通过他的教学，学生形成了对于色彩的明确认识，并且能够熟练的掌握和运用色彩。
For Itten, both color and geometric figures had religious symbolic significance, and designers and artists must find their psychological balance from form and color. Thus, although his starting point was scientific, his ultimate purpose became religious.
在他来说，色彩和几何图形都具有宗教的象征意义，设计家与艺术家必须从形体和色彩当中找到本身的心理平衡。这样，虽然他的出发点是科学的，但是其最终目的却成为宗教的了。
Johannes Itten’s color education had a profound impact on the Bauhaus. Not only were the foundation courses affected, but the design specialized courses were also influenced. His scientific color theory and scientific form-building theory were important for establishing the foundation of visual expression and solid.
约翰内斯·伊顿的色彩教育对于包豪斯来说，是影响深远的。不但基础课程受到影响，即使设计专业课程也受到影响。他的科学性色彩理论，科学性的形体构成理论，对于奠定视觉表达的基础来说是重要的，坚实的……
His teaching experiment continued throughout his subsequent art education career. This is reflected in his book “Art and Design Form.” The insights, selfless spirit, foresight, and broad professional mind presented in the book make one realize that great achievements are never accomplished by people with narrow minds.
他的教学实验依然在他随后的艺术教育生涯中继续开展着。这在《艺术与设计的形式》一书中有集中体现，书中表现出的真知灼见与忘我精神、远见卓识与宽阔的职业胸襟，使人深深体会到，伟大的事业从来就不是由精神渺小的人来造就的。
