\ 艺术果醬 | “反乌托邦式的一场狂欢乐园”
“The whole world is pushing you to grow up, only Disney keeps the fairy tale in your heart.”
“全世界都在催着你长大，只有迪士尼守着你内心的童话。”
Disney was once hailed as the happiest place on Earth, dedicated to creating a fairy tale that never ends.
迪士尼曾被誉为地球上最快乐的地方，致力打造一场永远不会落幕的童话。
But a short-term art project planned by British artist Banksy created a dark version of Disney (Dismaland), completely opposite to Disney.
可是一位英国艺术家班克斯（Banksy）策划的短期艺术项目却打造了一个和迪士尼完全相反的暗黑版的迪士尼（Dismaland）。
Who is Banksy?
谁是班克斯（Banksy)？
The mysterious artist, known for his rebellious independence, is the only cover figure in Time Magazine who has never revealed his face, personal information, or appearance to the public since he started graffiti at the age of 14.
Banksy’s works are imbued with opposition to war and violence, often creating works for international politics or social current affairs. His works, like those of most other street artists, are not in art galleries or museums, but on street corners, so some people think that he has truly brought art to everyone.
以叛逆特立独行为名的神秘艺术家是美国时代周刊中创刊以来唯一一位不露脸的封面人物。从14岁他开始涂鸦至今，从未在公众面前公开过自己的身份、长相、个人信息。
班克斯(Banksy)的作品都被赋予了反对战争暴力、经常为国际政治或社会时事创作作品。他
的作品和其他大多数街头艺术家一样，都不在美术馆、博物馆里，而在街上的角落上，所以有人认为，他是把艺术真正带给了所有人。
Disneyfication
迪士尼化（Disneyfication）
Dismaland theme park is located in a seaside town West-super-Mare in South West England, three hours drive from London. The entire space is converted from an abandoned outdoor seaside amusement park. It can be observed that Banksy used Disney’s concept to create the park, from the name of the park to its concept. It can also be understood that the entire park is questioning and satirizing the consumption model of false American dreams by Disneyfication.
Sociologist George Ritzer analyzed in “Enchanting a Disenchanted World” that Disney has been regarded as a representative example of a new consumer tool for capitalism.
Dismaland主题乐园位于英格兰西南（South West England）的一个海边小镇West-super-Mare。距离伦敦三个小时车程。整个空间是由一座废弃室外海滨游乐场改建而成。从乐园名字到概念都是可以观察Banksy是运用了迪士尼的概念去打造。也可以理解为整个乐园是对迪士尼化（Disneyfication）对虛假美夢的消費模式提出質疑和讽刺。
社会学家乔治•瑞泽尔在《赋魅于一个祛魅的世界》分析过迪士尼已经看作是资本主义新消费工具的代表性例子。
1
Predictability：Consumers can estimate what kind of entertainment and consumption experience they can get before going to the park.
可预测性：消费者在去乐园之前就能预估到到能够得到什么样的娱乐和消费体验。
2
Calculability：The seemingly dreamy Disney parks have been meticulously calculated for every action of visitors, such as the order and time of the tour, to achieve maximum efficiency and profit.
可计算性：披着梦幻童话外壳的迪士尼乐园，其实对于游客的每一个行为都经过精密的计算。像是游览顺序、游览时间等等都进行过严格计算，从而实现游览效率以及收益的最大化。
3
Controllability：Disney parks use a lot of new machines and control technologies to make the parks safer and cleaner, avoiding visitors encountering emergencies during the tour.
可控制性：迪士尼乐园的大量游乐设施，采用了众多的新机械和控制技术，从而让乐园变得更为安全、干净，避免游客在游览过程中极少遭遇突发事件。
George Ritzer believes that Disney parks represent a new consumer tool with “enchanting, sometimes even sacred and religious characteristics” and refers to new consumer tools with these characteristics as “consumer cathedrals”. A one-stop park that allows us to consume various goods and services such as entertainment, accommodation, food, etc., with the castle as the center, extending the colorful amusement facilities around it.
乔治•瑞泽尔认为迪士尼乐园代表了一种新消费工具具有“迷人的，有时甚至是神圣的、宗教的特征”并将拥有这样特征的新消费工具称为“消费圣殿”。一站式乐园从使得我们能够消费各种商品和服务的设施或建筑物像是娱乐、酒店住宿、饮食。
Banksy, together with street and art masters such as Jenny Holzer, Damien Hirst, David Shrigley, and street artists Bäst, Espo and Escif, jointly designed and built the Dismaland dark theme park.
班克斯(Banksy)联合街头和纯艺大师级艺术家像是珍妮·霍尔泽（Jenny Holzer）、达米恩·赫斯特 、大卫·史瑞格里（David Shrigley），以及街头艺术家巴斯特（Bäst）、 爱斯坡（Espo）和艾斯科夫（Escif）共同参与设计建立Dismaland暗黑游乐园。
Inside Dismaland, the familiar smiling faces of Disney are no longer seen, but instead, each staff member intentionally puts on a dispirited face. The atmosphere of the whole park is weird and strange. In the park, as in Disney, the castle is the center and the surrounding area is full of subversive amusement facilities that contradict the common impression of colorful lights.
在Dismaland乐园里面，不再看到迪士尼一张张熟悉的笑脸，反而每位员工故意耷拉着脸装作无精打采的样子。整个乐园气氛诡异古怪。园里和迪士尼一样，以城堡为中心延伸周遭颠覆普遍印象中五彩缤纷游乐设施。
“Dark Disney Park” exhibits works by a total of 60 artists, and Banksy also exhibits 10 works in the park that have never been made public. The theme of the works has been greatly developed from Disney to environmental protection, international politics, war, gender, race, and social phenomena. It is a theme park with an anarchist concept, and the artist believes that the park he created can be free from any form of interference.
“暗黑迪士尼乐园” 展示了一共60位艺术家的作品，Banksy也在乐园里面展示从未公开过的10副作品。作品主题内容从迪士尼到环保、国际政治、战争、两性、种族、社会现象做了很多发挥。是作为一座无政府主义概念的主题乐园，艺术家是认为在他所创作的乐园可以不受任何形式干扰。
The fresh selling point of this anti-utopian park attracts the audience to come and see for themselves. Within a few days of the release, the official website of Dark Disney quickly reached more than 6 million hits and became a hard-to-get ticket. During the 36-day operation of the park, it brought a revenue of 30 million US dollars to the small town of West-super-Mare.
这个反乌托邦新鲜的卖点非常吸引观众前来一睹为快。在发布几天内暗黑迪士尼官网迅速达到600万以上，迅速变成一票难求的情况。在36天的乐园“营业”为小镇West-super-Mare带来三千万美金的收入。
The artist reveals the ugly phenomenon of society and new consumer desires in a humorous and satirical way, shattering the beautiful virtual bubble of fairy tales.
艺术家以幽默、讽刺的方式，揭示现实社会的丑恶现象和新消费欲望。打破童话美好虚化的泡沫。
