艺术果酱 | 从Andy Warhol的作品认识波普艺术
“If you want to know all about Andy Warhol, just look at the surface: my paintings and films and me, and there I am. There’s nothing behind it.” — Andy Warhol
“如果你想要知道安迪.沃霍尔的一切，那么只看表面就好了：我的画和电影还有我，那就是我了。没有什么在表面的后面。” –安迪.沃霍尔
01
What is Pop Art?
什么是波普艺术？
Pop Art is short for Popular Art. It is an art movement that explores the connection between popular culture and art. Pop Art attempts to overthrow traditional abstract expressionist art and turn to symbolic, trademark, and other tangible popular cultural themes. The term “Pop Art” first appeared in the article “But Today We Collect Ads” by Alison and Peter Smithson, members of the British Independent Group, in 1956.
波普艺术 （POP Art）是流行艺术（Popular Art）的简称。是一个探讨通俗文化与艺术之间关连的艺术运动。波普艺术是尝试推翻传统抽象表现艺术并转向符号，商标等具象的大众文化主题。波普艺术一词的由来是1955年英国独立小组成员会议时提出的对于自己的简称，1956年小组成员史密森夫妇 (Alison and Peter Smithson) 发表的文章《但是今天我们收藏广告 (But Today We Collect Ads) 》中首次出现“Pop Art”
Pop Art is also an extension of some satire on the greedy nature of commercial speculation. Simply put, Pop Art is the predecessor of today’s relatively grassroots art market. Most Pop artists believe that the works of art created by American Abstract Expressionists in the 1950s were too detached from the audience, and the artistic concepts they advocated were too far away from the general public, making art seem to be a toy for art elites to recognize and understand each other within a small circle.
波普艺术同时也是一些讽刺市侩贪婪本性的延伸。简单来说，波普艺术是当今较底层艺术市场的前身。大部分波普艺术家都认为50年代美国抽象表现主义者所创造的艺术作品太脱离观众，其宣扬的艺术理念与普罗大众过于距离，似乎让艺术成为小众圈内人士所互相认识了解艺术精英的玩物。
So, Pop artists created another form of art – Pop Art. Its central concept is based on the image of popular culture and the concept of consumerism, with the aim of providing more accessible art to a wider audience. Simply put, Pop Art brings art down from the elegant palace and promotes it as an art that everyone can appreciate. It praises the mass communication brought about by consumerism and market economy.
所以，波普艺术家制造了另一种形式的艺术——波普艺术。其中心概念以流行文化的形象和消费主义的观念为基础，目的是向更广泛的观众提供平易近人的艺术。简单来说波普艺术把艺术从高雅的殿堂拉下并推广成一种人人都可欣赏的艺术。赞美消费主义和市场经济带来的大众传播。
02
安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）
Andy Warhol is the most influential and representative artist in the Pop Art movement. He was a pioneer and leading advocate of the American Pop Art movement. The monotony and repetition of his works convey an emotional message of detachment and apathy, which is an expression of the alienation in contemporary society.
安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）是作为波普艺术中最有影响和代表性艺术家。他是安迪·沃霍尔是美国波普艺术运动的发起人和主要倡导者。这位艺术家作品的单调和重复所传达的情感讯息–冷漠疏远，正表达着当代社会冷感。
Apart from the repetitive elements, Andy Warhol also attempted to eliminate the handcrafted feel in his artworks. All his works were produced using screen-printing techniques, which allowed the image to be replicated perfectly countless times, giving the overall picture a distinctive, dull effect.
作品除了大量重复元素，安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）还试图消除艺术创作中的手工感。所有作品都用丝网印刷技术制作，其形象可以无数次地完美地重复，给予整体画面带来一种特有的呆板效果。
Andy Warhol undoubtedly became the representative of Pop Art. He not only packaged and glorified himself but also understood the preferences of the commercial market. He used everyday consumer goods, social celebrities, news stories, and numerous repetitive images to highlight the mass production of uniform artworks. Like a factory, it produced countless flawless replicas. Therefore, the artwork was no longer the only and original piece. Artworks could also become products produced on a large scale. However, in the traditional view of art, artworks are unique and cannot be copied. Originals and replicas are often worlds apart. Yet he broke the convention. For his works, there is basically no so-called “original” to speak of, and all his works are copies. He wanted to use countless copies to replace the status of the original.
安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）无疑成为了波普艺术的代表者，他既包装美化自己，也明白商业市场的喜好。他利用日常消费品，社会名人，新闻故事和无数个重复的图像突出统一艺术品生产。如同一个工厂，重复印刷完美无瑕一样的作品。所以艺术品不再是仅此一件，独一无二的了，艺术品也可以变成大规模生产的产品。可在传统艺术观点里，艺术作品是孤品不可复制的。真迹与赝品往往带有鸿沟. 他却打破常规。对于他的作品来说，基本没有所谓的“原作”可言，他的作品全是复制品。他就是要用无数的复制品来取代原作的地位。
By breaking the traditional rules of the game, he created the satirical significance of Pop Art. He satirized the elegance and originality of art while blurring the boundaries between high art and popular consumption.
他通过打破传统的游戏规则，形成了波普艺术的讽刺意义。他讽刺艺术的高雅和原创同时也模糊了高雅艺术和大众消费的界限。
The portrait of Marilyn Monroe, one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s, gradually lost its original seductive connotation and became an empty and monotonous artistic symbol after constant repetition.
像他创作的玛丽莲梦露，20世纪50年代最流行的性感象征之一的美国性感女星的头像在不断重复之后，渐渐消失了原本图像传达的性感诱惑意味而变为一个空虚单调的艺术符号。
Andy Warhol always emphasized that there was no meaning behind his works, leaving room for the audience to analyze their own perceived messages through their interpretations. He always held an open-ended interpretation of “what you think it is, is what it is,” allowing every viewer to become his target audience.
安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol）一直强调其作品背后没有意义，开放给观众留下遐想人们，通过自己的解读分析出自己认为的讯息。他一直抱着“你认为是什么就是什么”一种开放式解读，让每一位观众都能成为他的目标群众。
