要想成为学霸应该多画画——绘画对学习的强大影响
Today, we continue with our series on art and cognition. We have a video this time—from the George Lucas Educational Foundation, created in 1991 by film director George Lucas, dedicated to transforming K-12 education to ensure that all students can thrive in their learning, careers, and adult lives.
今天，还是有关艺术与认知系列的噢~不过换成了视频。
上面视频来源于凯瑟琳·马登为乔治卢卡斯教育基金会，它是在1991年由电影导演乔治·卢卡斯所创建，基金会致力于改变K-12教育，使所有学生都在他们的学习、职业和成年生活中茁壮成长。
The study in the video comes from a research paper titled “The Surprisingly Powerful Influence of Drawing on Memory” published by Jeffrey D. Wammes, Melissa E. Meade, and Myra A. Fernandes in 2018 in the journal of the Psychological Science Association.
该研究来源于杰弗里·D·瓦姆斯（Jeffrey D. Wammes）, 梅丽莎·E·米德（Melissa E. Meade）和Myra A. Fernandes（玛拉·费尔南德斯）于2018年在心理科学协会的期刊发布的一篇研究论文The Surprisingly Powerful Influence of Drawing onMemory。
These researchers have long focused on the effects of drawing on memory and learning. They found that drawing out information significantly improved memory, even in the elderly and dementia patients.
而早在几年前，上述研究者就一直关注绘画对记忆学习的影响。他们发现把学习的信息画出来能够提高记忆力，即便在老人和痴呆症患者中，记忆力都有显著提高。
Scientific research has confirmed that drawing makes memories more profound than reading and writing. But why?
科学研究已经证实：绘画比阅读和写作更让人记忆深刻。这是为什么呢？
A Graphic Summary for Busy Learners: Why Drawing Enhances Memory
没有时间看视频的小伙伴看图文解读版吧。
为什么绘画让人记忆深刻？
The video starts by posing a question: Why should children draw more?
首先，视频一上来就提出一个问题，为什么应该让孩子多画画？
A recent study has found that drawing is a powerful learning tool.
一项新的研究发现，绘画是一种强大的学习方式。
It is more effective than taking notes, viewing images, or listening to lectures.
它比写笔记，观看图片或是听讲座效果更好。
If a student draws the information, they can remember almost twice as many words compared to a student who writes it down.
如果让一个学生将这个信息画出来，相较于写出来的学生，所记单词的数量几乎是后者两倍。（背单词同学的福音来了）
But this isn’t due to an innate learning style.
但如果认为这是天生的学习风格造成的，那就错了。
It’s because students are “visual learners.”
这并不是因为绘画更有效，而是因为学生是所谓的“视觉学习者”。
Drawing wins out because it utilizes the brain’s visual, motor, and language areas simultaneously.
绘画之所以胜出，是因为它同时利用了大脑的视觉、动觉和语言区域。
Thus, information is processed in three different ways, creating more connections in the brain’s neural network and encoding learning on a deeper level.
因此，信息处理有三种不同的方式，在大脑的神经网络中建立更多的联系，并对学习进行更深层次的编码。
4 Ways to Integrate Drawing into Teaching
将绘画融入教学的4种方法
1、Emphasize Rough Drafts
Have students draw very simple drafts first and annotate what their drawings mean. Remember, it’s not about making a pretty picture—it’s all about the process.
1.强调草稿
先让学生画的非常简单，并进行注释解析他们画的是什么意思。
并且记住，它不是一幅美丽的绘画——它只与过程有关。（强调过程）
2、Use Interactive Notebooks and Sketchbooks
Don’t settle for note-taking; challenge students to sketch out complex ideas.
(Note: An interactive notebook is a place where students can combine information provided by the teacher and their own ideas. The purpose of interactive notes is to make students creative, independent thinkers, and writers. Interactive notebooks will be used for class notes and other activities where students will be asked to express their thoughts and process information presented in class. It is also a resource library for students to review, learn, and assess.)
2.使用交互式的笔记本和速写本
不要满足于做笔记，让学生勾画出复杂的想法。
(注意：交互式笔记本是一个学生可以把老师提供的信息和他们自己的想法结合起来的地方。互动式笔记的目的是让学生成为一个有创意、独立思考和写作的人。互动笔记本将用于课堂笔记以及其他活动，在这些活动中，学生将被要求表达自己的想法，并处理课堂上呈现的信息。它也是学生复习、学习和评估的资源库。)
3、Try Data Visualization
Have students collect, analyze, and explain data from charts, graphs, maps, or timelines.
3.尝试数据可视化
要求学生收集、分析和解释图表、曲线图、地图或时间表中的数据。
4、Consider Alternative Assessments
Skip the test and challenge students to demonstrate their understanding of a subject through drawing.
4.可能发生失事的评估
跳过考试，挑战学生通过绘画来表达他们对一个主题的理解。
So, if you’re stubbornly thinking that drawing and art aren’t crucial parts of school learning—it’s time to rethink.
因此，如果你还顽固不灵的认为绘画和艺术创作不是学校学习的重要部分——建议你回去面壁思过。
We all know not every student who studies art will become an artist, so what unique value does art learning hold? Why should children who won’t become artists still learn art? We need more empirical research to answer these questions, prove that art is not supplementary to other disciplines, and maybe even transform education through art.
我们都知道，不是每一个学艺术的学生都将成为艺术家，艺术学习有何独特价值？不当艺术家的孩子为什么也要学艺术？要回答以上问题，我们还需要更多的实证研究，证明艺术并不是其他学科的补充，甚至可能通过艺术改造教育 (Transforming Education through theArt)。
As Michael Timpane, policy director at the US Department of Education, pointed out, “Today’s art education research is in its early stages.” We need to delve further into the essence and impact of art learning.
正如美国联邦教育办公室政策主任迈克尔·蒂姆潘（Michael Timpane）指出“今天的艺术教育研究还处于发展的早期阶段”，我们需要进一步探索艺术学习的本质和影响。
